If you have been diagnosed with cancer of the lip or oral cavity, your cancer treatment plan should come from the physicians and surgeons managing your cancer. A general dentist does not determine the cancer stage or choose surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. Dental care instead plays an important supporting role.
Before cancer treatment
For patients who may receive radiation to the head and neck, the National Cancer Institute recommends a dental evaluation before treatment when possible. Existing infections, teeth with a poor prognosis and other oral problems may need to be addressed before radiation begins. Timing should be coordinated with the oncology team.
During treatment
Cancer treatment can affect the mouth in different ways. Depending on the therapy, patients may experience mouth sores, dry mouth, taste changes, swallowing difficulty, infection risk or changes in the teeth and gums. Gentle oral hygiene and communication between the dentist and oncology team are important.
After treatment
Some oral effects can continue after cancer therapy, particularly after head and neck radiation. Long-term dental follow-up may be needed to manage dry mouth, cavity risk and changes in oral tissues. Before invasive dental procedures, the dentist may need to communicate with the radiation oncologist or other members of the treatment team.
When to call a dentist
If you are preparing for head and neck cancer treatment, tell your dentist what treatment is planned and when it is expected to begin. If you are already in treatment, contact your oncology team promptly for new mouth sores, significant pain, swelling or difficulty eating or swallowing, and keep your dentist informed.
A dental exam can be one part of coordinated care, but it does not replace evaluation or treatment by your oncology team.
Sources
National Cancer Institute: Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment
National Cancer Institute: Mouth and Throat Problems During Cancer Treatment
